Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of informal rulemaking?

The characteristic that is NOT associated with informal rulemaking is the cross-examination of witnesses. Informal rulemaking, as governed by the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), typically involves a process where agencies create rules without conducting a formal hearing where evidence is presented, and witnesses are cross-examined. Instead, informal rulemaking provides for a notice-and-comment period, which allows stakeholders or the public to submit their input regarding proposed regulations.

During this process, options such as the opportunity for public comment, the lack of a required hearing, and the announcement of proposed rules are fundamental aspects. Public comment is encouraged to gather diverse perspectives, and there is no obligation to hold a formal hearing as seen in formal rulemaking. Additionally, agencies must announce proposed rules, providing the public with the essential information needed to engage in the rulemaking process. Cross-examination of witnesses, however, is a hallmark of formal rulemaking and does not occur in the informal process, making it the correct answer.