Which of the following is a requirement under due process?

Due process requires that individuals have a meaningful opportunity to be heard before any governmental action that affects their rights or interests. This principle ensures that people have the chance to present their side of the story and defend their position in a fair manner. The essence of due process lies in providing a hearing or opportunity to be heard, which is fundamental in administrative law and ensures that decisions are made transparently and justly.

The other options do not encapsulate the core requirement of due process. A written report submitted in advance of hearings (option A) might be procedural but is not inherently required for due process. A mandatory appeal to a higher authority (option C) is not a fundamental aspect of due process; instead, it is a separate procedural right that may be provided by law or regulation. The absence of a requirement for public participation (option D) contradicts the principles of transparency and accountability in administrative processes, which are often central to due process. Therefore, the correct answer reflects the essential element of due process in administrative law.