What is indicated by the term "Hearing on the Record" in administrative law?

"Hearing on the Record" refers to a formal proceeding where the evidence and arguments presented are documented and available for review. This term indicates that there is a structured process that allows for a thorough examination of evidence and testimony, ultimately creating a comprehensive record that can be evaluated during judicial review of administrative actions.

When an agency decision is made after a hearing on the record, it means that the decision is based on the factual findings drawn from the evidence presented during that hearing. This established record becomes crucial when parties seek judicial review because courts rely on this documentation to assess whether the agency acted within its authority, followed proper procedures, and made a decision supported by substantial evidence.

In contrast, informal reviews, procedures lacking rules, and decisions made without evidence do not meet the criteria of a hearing on the record, as these would not provide the thorough documentation needed for effective judicial scrutiny. Thus, recognizing this formal nature and its importance in ensuring accountability and transparency in agency decision-making underscores why this answer is the most appropriate.